These references were gathered for the Inaugural International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group Global Members Clinical and Research Symposium, which took place in September 2014. Wherever possible, the links below connect to free copies or abstracts of the references.
Relapse severity and recovery in early pediatric multiple sclerosis (Fay AJ, Mowry EM, Strober J, Waubant E. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012;18(7):1008-12.)
Autoantibody biomarkers in childhood-acquired demyelinating syndromes: results from a national surveillance cohort. (Hacohen Y, Absoud M, Woodhall M, et al; UK & Ireland Childhood CNS Inflammatory Demyelination Working Group. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2014; 85(4):456-61.)
International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions. (Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al; Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013;19(10):1261-1267. Epub 2013 Apr 9.)
Diagnosis of inflammatory demyelination in biopsy specimens: a practical approach. (Kuhlmann T, Lassmann H, Brück W. Acta Neuropathology 2008; 115:275–287.)
Diagnosing neuromyelitis optica. (Makhani N, Bigi S, Banwell B, Shroff M. Neuroimaging Clinics North Amercia Journal 2013; 23:279–91.)
Prognostic factors for early severity in a childhood MS cohort. (Mikaeloff Y, Caridade G, Assi S, Suissa S, Tardieu M. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):1133-9.)
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. (Polman CH, Reingold SC, et al. Annals of Neurology 2011; 69(2):292-302.)
Pathology of demyelinating diseases. (Popescu B and Lucchinetti C. Annual Review of Pathological Mechanisms of Disease Abbreviation 2012; 7:185–217.)
The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. (Reindl M, Di Pauli F, Rostasy K, Berger T. Nature Reviews Neurology 2013; 9(8):455-61.)
Treatment of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica in children and adolescents. (Tenembaum SN. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2013; 115 Suppl 1:S21-9.)
Serologic diagnosis of NMO. A multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays. (Waters PJ, McKeon A, Leite MI, et al. Neurology 2012; 78:665–71.)
The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. (Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF, Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG. Lancet Neurology 2007; 6:805–15.)
Banwell B et al. Supplementary Webappendix. Lancet Neurology Epub 2011.
Vitamin D status and antibody levels to common viruses in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. (Mowry E, James J, Krupp L and Waubant E. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2011; 17: 666. Epub 6 January 2011.)
Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. (Mowry E , Krupp L, Milazzo M et al. Annals of Neurology 2010; 67:618–624.)
Prevention and treatment of MS: studying the effects of vitamin D. (Munger K and Ascherio A. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2011; 17(12):1405–1411.)
Effects of vitamin D on the peripheral adaptive immune system: A review. (Peelen E, Knippenberg S, Muris A-H et al. Autoimmunity Reviews 2011; 10:733–743.)
International Pediatric MS Study Group Clinical Trials Summit: meeting report. (Chitnis T, Tardieu M, Amato MP, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Ghezzi A, Kornberg A, Krupp LB, Pohl D, Rostasy K, Tenembaum S, Waubant E, Wassmer E. Neurology 2013; 80(12):1161-8.)
Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Chitnis T, Tenembaum S, Banwell B, Krupp L, Pohl D, Rostasy K, Yeh EA, Bykova O, Wassmer E, Tardieu M, Kornberg A, Ghezzi A; International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012;18(1):116-27.)
Natalizumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis: results of a cohort of 55 cases. (Ghezzi A, Pozzilli C, Grimaldi LM, Moiola L, Brescia-Morra V, Lugaresi A, Lus G, Rinaldi F, Rocca MA, Trojano M, Bianchi A, Comi G, Filippi M; Italian MS Study Group.Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013;19(8):1106-12.)
Safety and efficacy of natalizumab in children with multiple sclerosis. (Ghezzi A, Pozzilli C, Grimaldi LM, Brescia Morra V, Bortolon F, Capra R, Filippi M, Moiola L, Rocca MA, Rottoli M, Sarchielli P, Zaffaroni M, Comi G. Neurology 2010; 75(10):912-7.)
The management of multiple sclerosis in children: a European view. (Ghezzi A, Banwell B, Boyko A, Amato MP, Anlar B, Blinkenberg M, Boon M, Filippi M, Jozwiak S, Ketelslegers I, Kornek B, Lim M, Lindstrom E, Nadj C, Neuteboom R, Rocca MA, Rostasy K, Tardieu M, Wassmer E, Catsman-Berrevoets C, Hintzen R. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2010; 16(10):1258-67.)
Natalizumab therapy for highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis. ( Kornek B, Aboul-Enein F, Rostasy K, Milos RI, Steiner I, Penzien J, Hellwig K, Pitarokoili K, Storm van’s Gravesande K, Karenfort M, Blaschek A, Meyer A, Seidl R, Debelic D, Vass K, Prayer D, Kristoferitsch W, Bayas A.JAMA Neurology 2013; 70(4):469-75.)
Subcutaneous interferon Beta-1a in pediatric multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study. ( Tenembaum SN, Banwell B, Pohl D, Krupp LB, Boyko A, Meinel M, Lehr L, Rocak S, Cantogno EV, Moraga MS, Ghezzi A; REPLAY Study Group.Journal of Child Neurology 2013; 28(7):849-56.)
Natalizumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis patients. ( Yeh EA, Weinstock-Guttman B. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2010; 3(5):293-9.)
Multiple sclerosis therapies in pediatric patients with refractory multiple sclerosis. ( Yeh EA, Waubant E, Krupp LB, Ness J, Chitnis T, Kuntz N, Ramanathan M, Belman A, Chabas D, Gorman MP, Rodriguez M, Rinker JR 2nd, Weinstock-Guttman B; National Network of Pediatric MS Centers of Excellence. Archives of Neurology 2011; 68(4):437-44.)
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system. (Birnbaum J, Hellmann DB. Archives of Neurology 2009; 66(6):704-9.)
Treatment strategies for vasculitis that affects the nervous system. (Broussalis E, Trinka E, Kraus J, McCoy M, Killer M. Drug Discovery Today 2013; 18: 818-835. Epub 2013 May 23.)
Childhood cerebral vasculitis. (Chabrier S, Darteyre S, Mazzola L, Stéphan JL. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2014; 8: 884-93. Epub 2014 Jul 3.)
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: response to mycophenolate mofetil. (Chenevier F, Renoux C, Marignier R, et al. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2009; 80(10):1159-61)
Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system. Prospective diagnostic and therapeutic experience. (Cupps TR, Moore PM, Fauci AS. American Journal of Medicine 1983;74(1):97-105.)
Rituximab for primary angiitis of the central nervous system: report of 2 patients from the French COVAC cohort and review of the literature. ( De Boysson H, Arquizan C, Guillevin L, Pagnoux C. Journal of Rheumatology 2013;40(12):2102-3.)
Cerebral vasculitis: a practical approach. ( Joseph FG, Scolding NJ. Practical Neurology 2002; 2:80-93.)
Induction and maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Lee YH, Woo SH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Lupus, 2010; 19:703-710.)
Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ( Pui CH, Evans WE. New England Journal of Medicine 2006;354:166–178.)
Efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in primary central nervous system vasculitis resistant to immunosuppressive treatment. (Salvarani C, Brown RD Jr, Calamia KT, et al. Arthritis and Rheumatology 2008d;59(2):291-6.)
Rapidly progressive primary central nervous system vasculitis. (Salvarani C, Brown RD Jr, Calamia KT, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011b; 50(2):349-58.)
Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis: an update. (Salvarani C, Brown RD Jr, Hunder GG. Current Opinions in Rheumatolgy 2012;24:46-52.)
Issues in Trial design for ANCA –associated and large vessel vasculitis. (Tarzi, R. M. et al. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 2014; advance online publication 6 May 2014.)
Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis. (Specks, U et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2013; 369(5):417-27.)
Pediatric lupus nephritis: more options, more chances? (Vachvanichsanong P and McNeil E.Lupus 2013; 22:545-553.)
Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Chitnis T, Tenembaum S, Banwell B, and al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012; 18:116-127.)
Childhood and juvenile onset multiple sclerosis: clinical and paraclinical features. (Ozakbas S, Idiman E, Baklan B, Yulug B. Brain and Development 2003; 25:233-36.)
MRI as an outcome in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. (Daumer M, Neuhaus A, Morrissey, S, Hintzen, R, Ebers G, Neurology 2009; 72:705–711.)
International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions. (Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al; International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013;19(10):1261.)
Outcome Measures in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis:Capturing Disability and Disease Progression in Clinical Trials. (Lavery A, Verhey L Waldman A. Multiple Sclerosis International 2014.)
Interferon beta failure predicted by EMA criteria or isolated MRI activity in multiple sclerosis. (Prosperini L, Mancinelli CR, De Giglio L, De Angelis F, Barletta V, Pozzilli C. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014; 20: 566 -576.)
2010 McDonald criteria for diagnosing pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Sadaka Y, Verhey LH, Shroff MM, et al. Annals of Neurology 2012; 72:211–223.)
Treatment effect on brain atrophy correlates with treatment effect on disability in multiple sclerosis. (Sormani M, Arnold D, and De Stefano N. Annals of Neurology 2014; (75;1):43–49.)
MRI lesions as a surrogate for relapses in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. (Sormani M, Bruzzi P. Lancet Neurology 2013; 12:669–676.)
Defining and Scoring Response to IFN (Stefano N.Nature Review Neurology 2013; 9:504–512.)
Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive functioning in pediatric multiple sclerosis: report from the US Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Network. (Charvet LE, O’Donnell EH, Belman AL, Chitnis T, Ness JM, Parrish J, Patterson M, Rodriguez M, Waubant E, Weinstock-Guttman B, Krupp LB. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2014.)
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is an effective cognitive screen in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS). (Charvet LE, Beekman R, Amadiume N, Belman AL, Krupp LB. Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2014; 15(341): 79-84.)
Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Chitnis T, Tenembaum S, Banwell B, Krupp L, Pohl D, Rostasy K, Yeh EA, Bykova O, Wassmer E, Tardieu M, Kornberg A, Ghezzi A; International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012;18(1):116-27.)
Implication of perturbed axoglial apparatus in early pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Dhaunchak AS, Becker C, Schulman H, De Faria O Jr, Rajasekharan S, Banwell B, Colman DR, Bar-Or A; Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Group. Annals of Neurology 2012;71(5):601-13.)
Natalizumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis: results of a cohort of 55 cases. (Ghezzi A, Pozzilli C, Grimaldi LM, Moiola L, Brescia-Morra V, Lugaresi A, Lus G, Rinaldi F, Rocca MA, Trojano M, Bianchi A, Comi G, Filippi M; Italian MS Study Group. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013;19(8):1106-12.)
Daclizumab use in patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Gorman MP, Tillema JM, Ciliax AM, Guttmann CR, Chitnis T. Archives of Neurology 2012; 69(1):78-81.)
Natalizumab therapy for highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Kornek B, Aboul-Enein F, Rostasy K, Milos RI, Steiner I, Penzien J, Hellwig K, Pitarokoili K, Storm van’s Gravesande K, Karenfort M, Blaschek A, Meyer A, Seidl R, Debelic D, Vass K, Prayer D, Kristoferitsch W, Bayas A. JAMA Neurology 2013; 70(4):469-75.)
Factors associated with recovery from acute optic neuritis in patients with multiple sclerosis. (Malik MT, Healy BC, Benson LA, Kivisakk P, Musallam A, Weiner HL, Chitnis T. Neurology 2014; 82(24):2173-9.)
Posterior brain damage and cognitive impairment in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Rocca MA, Absinta M, Amato MP, Moiola L, Ghezzi A, Veggiotti P, Capra R, Portaccio E, Fiorino A, Pippolo L, Pera MC, Horsfield MA, Falini A, Comi G, Filippi M. Neurology 2014; 82(15):1314-21.)
Management of pediatric central nervous system demyelinating disorders: consensus of United States neurologists. (Waldman AT, Gorman MP, Rensel MR, Austin TE, Hertz DP, Kuntz NL; Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers of Excellence of National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Journal of Child Neurology 2011; 26(6):675-82.)
Disease progression in pediatric multiple sclerosis: disparities between physical and neurocognitive outcomes. (Yeh EA, Parrish JB, Weinstock-Guttman B. Expert Review Neurotherapeutics 2011; 11(3):433-40.)
Multiple sclerosis therapies in pediatric patients with refractory multiple sclerosis. (Yeh EA, Waubant E, Krupp LB, Ness J, Chitnis T, Kuntz N, Ramanathan M, Belman A, Chabas D, Gorman MP, Rodriguez M, Rinker JR 2nd, Weinstock-Guttman B; National Network of Pediatric MS Centers of Excellence. Archives of Neurology 2011; 68(4):437-44.)
Cognitive and psychosocial features in childhood and juvenile MS: two-year follow-up. (Amato MP, Goretti B, Ghezzi A, et al ; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Neurology 2010; 75(13):1134-40.)
Multiple sclerosis in Israeli children: incidence, an clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging findings. (Achiron A, Garty BZ, Menascu S et al. Israeli Medical Association Journal 2012; 14(4):234-9.)
Diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive speed in children with multiple sclerosis. (Bethune A, Tipu V, Sled JG et al. Journal of Neurological Sciences 2011; 309(1-2):68-74.)
Neuropsychological aspects of childhood multiple sclerosis: an overview. (Blaschek A, Storm van’s Gravesande K, Heinen F et al. Neuropediatrics. 2012; 43(4):176-83)
The cognitive burden of multiple sclerosis in children. (Banwell B, Anderson P. Neurology 2005; 64(5):891-4.)
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is an effective cognitive screen in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS). (Charvet LE, Beekman R, Amadiume N, Belman AL, Krupp LB. Journal of Neurological Sciences 2014; 341(1-2):79-84.)
Social cognition in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS). (Charvet L, Cleary R, Vazquez K, Belman A, Krupp L; on behalf of the US Network for Pediatric MS. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014; epub ahead of print.)
Longitudinal evaluation of cognitive functioning in pediatric multiple sclerosis: report from the US Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Network. (Charvet LE, O’Donnell EH, Belman AL et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014; epub ahead of print.)
International Pediatric MS Study Group Clinical Trials Summit: meeting report. (Chitnis T, Tardieu M, Amato MP, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Ghezzi A, Kornberg A, Krupp LB, Pohl D, Rostasy K, Tenembaum S, Waubant E, Wassmer E. Neurology 2013; 80(12):1161-8.)
No regional gray matter atrophy differences between pediatric- and adult-onset relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (Donohue K, Cox JL, Dwyer MG et al. Journal of Neuroimaging 2014;24(1):63-7.)
Fatigue and its relationships with cognitive functioning and depression in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Goretti B, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A et al ; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012;18(3):329-34.)
Fatigue, emotional functioning, and executive dysfunction in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Holland AA, Graves D, Greenberg BM, Harder LL. Child Neuropsychology 2014; 20(1):71-85).
Cognitive impairment occurs in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis: results from a United States network.
(Julian L, Serafin D, Charvet L et al ; Network of Pediatric MS Centers of Excellence. Journal of Child Neurology 2013; 28(1):102-7.)
Cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. (MacAllister WS, Belman A, Milazzo M et al.Neurology 2005; 64(8):1422-5.)
The psychosocial consequences of pediatric multiple sclerosis. (MacAllister W, Boyd J, Holland N, Milazzo M, Krupp L; International Pediatric MS Study Group. Neurology. 2007;68 (16 Suppl 2):S66-9.)
Longitudinal neuropsychological assessment in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (MacAllister WS, Christodoulou C, Milazzo M, Krupp L. Developmental Neuropsychology 2007;32(2):625-44.)
Fatigue and quality of life in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (MacAllister WS, Christodoulou C, Troxell R et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2009;15(12):1502-8.)
Fatigue and depression in children with demyelinating disorders. (Parrish JB, Weinstock-Guttman B, Smerbeck A, Benedict RH, Yeh EA. Journal of Child Neurology 2013; 28(6):713-8.)
Cognitive deficits in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis what does the future hold? ( Parrish JB, Farooq O, Weinstock-Guttman B. Neurodegenerative Disease Management 2014; 4(2):137-46.)
Utility of neuropsychological testing for guiding treatment decisions in paediatric multiple sclerosis. (Penner IK, Hubacher M, Rasenack M et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013; 19(3):366-8.)
The brief neuropsychological battery for children: a screening tool for cognitive impairment in childhood and juvenile multiple sclerosis. (Portaccio E, Goretti B, Lori S et al ; Multiple Sclerosis Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2009; 15(5):620-6.)
Posterior brain damage and cognitive impairment in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Rocca MA, Absinta M, Amato MP et al. Neurology. 2014; 82(15):1314-21.)
Intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity abnormalities in pediatric multiple sclerosis. ( Rocca MA, Valsasina P, Absinta M et al. Human Brain Mapping 2014: epub ahead of print.)
Visual-cognitive processing deficits in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Smerbeck AM, Parrish J, Serafin D et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2011; 17(4):449-56.)
Regression-based norms improve the sensitivity of the National MS Society consensus neuropsychological battery for pediatric multiple sclerosis (NBPMS). (Smerbeck AM, Parrish J, Yeh EA et al. Clinical Neuropsychology 2012; 26(6):985-1002.)
White matter integrity and math performance in pediatric multiple sclerosis: a diffusion tensor imaging study. (Till C, Deotto A, Tipu V et al. NeuroReport. 2011; 22(18):1005-9.)
MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis. (Till C, Ghassemi R, Aubert-Broche B, Kerbrat A et al. Neuropsychology 2011; 25(3):319-32.)
Magnetic resonance imaging predictors of executive functioning in patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. (Till C, Ho C, Dudani A, García-Lorenzo D et al. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 2012 ;27(5):495-509.)
Factors associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes in adolescents with multiple sclerosis. (Till C, Udler E, Ghassemi R et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012; 18(8):1170-80.)
Changes in cognitive performance over a 1-year period in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis. (Till C, Racine N, Araujo D et al. Neuropsychology. 2013; 27(2):210-9.)
Psychiatric diagnoses and cognitive impairment in pediatric multiple sclerosis. (Weisbrot D, Charvet L, Serafin D et al. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014; 20(5):588-93.)
Disease progression in pediatric multiple sclerosis: disparities between physical and neurocognitive outcomes. (Yeh EA, Parrish JB, Weinstock-Guttman B. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2011; 11(3):433-40.)